World Interactions
Studying religions 1/10/11
8:00PM
Scribble Maps

Legalism Questions 1-3
1. In the philosophy of Legalism, there was no one founder. Although Shang Yang made the basis of the philosophy, others added their own ideas to it. Shang Yang believed in a strict society where everyone followed the same laws. There were severe punishments to those who didn’t follow the laws.
2. Another important person was Guan Zon, who was the prime minister of Qi. Guan Zon was known to have written the book Gaunz, which was one of the first legalism documents. There are many other people who helped develop this philosophy that are just as important.
3. Legalism was founded in Western China around 403 B.C.E. It was associated with the state of Qin after the weakening of the Zhou Dynasty.
Citations: "Han Fei Tzu (c. 280 B.C.-233 B.C.)." Encyclopedia of World Biography.
Detroit: Gale, 1998. Gale Biography In Context. Web. 19 Dec. 2010.
"Legalism." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2010.
xinfajia.net

Judaism Questions 1-3
1. There was not one founder of Judaism, but rather many. These people were the Isrealites. One of the most important Israelites was Moses because he was believed to have recieved the ten commandments from God.
2. Some important people associated with this religion are Moses, David, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Moses was one of the most well known because he was believed to have received the 10 commandments from God. He also was so important because he freed the slaves from Egypt and led them to the Red Sea where they were safe.
3. Since Judaism was founded by the Israelites, it started in the Middle East, in the land of Israel. It was believed that the Israelites were the chosen people of the lord.
Citations: "Judaism." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras.
"Jerusalem." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2010.
workersforjesus.com

Daoism Daoism Questions 1-3
1. When deciding who is the founder of Daoism, many would say that it was Lao-tzu. Although, others would say that there was no real founder of Daoism. Lao-tzu was very important to the religion because he wrote the Tao-te Ching, which was the book of Daoist teachings. It was the base, or the structure, of the religion.
2. Another important figure in the Daoist religjon was Zhang Daoling. He entitled as the “Heavenly Masterâ€. Many followed him until soon the religion spread throughout China. Zhang Daoling was an important aspect in this religion because he helped to spread the Taoist beliefs.
3. Daoism began in the province of Sichuan, although as the heavenly masters spread their beliefs, the religion was being favored in Northern China. Soon enough it was adapted into Southern China and was being practiced in Asia as well.
Citations: Gaer, Joseph. What the great religions believe . New York: Dodd,
Mead, 1963. Print.
Hartz, Paula. Daoism . 3rd ed. New York: Chelsea House Publishers,
2009. Print.
tuvy.com

Sikhism Questions 1-3
1. The founder of Sikhism was Sri Guru Nanak Dev Ji, who was born in Talwandi in 1469. During Sri Guru Nanak Dev Ji’s life, he was a herder and then the governor of Sultanpur. …Ji was a herder because he was born into the middle class. It was only later that he became governer, and was considered the Guru. The Guru spread Sikhism beliefs all throughout India. His main teaching was that inner beliefs were more important than external forms of worship. Singh, Nikky-Guninder Kaur. Sikhism. New York: Facts on File, 2004.  Print.
2. Once Guru passed away, there were 9 major influences towards the religion. Out of those 9, there were only 4 that were considered to be Gurus: Guru Angad, Guru Amar Das, Guru Ram Das, and Guru Ram Dev. These people were known for their developing of written languages, setting up langars, creating a spiritual center, and compiling the Granth Sahib.
3. Sikhism was started in Punjab, a province in Western Pakistan.
Citations: Singh, Nikky-Guninder Kaur. Sikhism. New York: Facts on File, 2004.  Print.
"Religion." CultureGrams Online Database: Subscriber Area Only. Web.
29 Nov. 2010.
chandrakantha.com

Hinduism Questions 1-3
1. There is no known founder of Hinduism, but rather that it was brought into Ancient India by many travelers and tribal people. Although, when these people came to India, Hinduism wasn’t a set religion. Instead many peoples ideas and philosophies created Hinduism.
2. The important people of this religion are those who helped to develop and shape the religion, such as the travelers and tribes.
3. Hinduism was started in India in the Indus Valley civilization. The word Hind was used to describe the river valley itself.
Citations: "Hinduism." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2010. Web. 15 Dec. 2010. 2
Book: Wangu, Madhu Bazaz. Hinduism. New York: Facts On File, 2001.
Print.
Text Book: Ellis, Elisabeth Gaynor., Anthony Esler, and Burton F.
Beers. Prentice Hall World History: Connections to Today. Upper Saddle
River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005. Print.
indiainimages.com

Confucianism Questions 1-3
1. The founder of Confucianism was Confucius. He lived a tough life seeming that his father died when he was young and he was brought up in poverty. Confucius was born in Lu, China at around 551 B.C.E
2. An important person in the rising of Confucianism was Emporer Wudi. He was said to have been born around 371 BCE. He is important because he was in power when the Confucian beliefs became accepted into the government. Another important person was Mencius because he wrote books on the beliefs on Confucianism.
3. Confucianism was started in the providence of Lu which is now known as Shandong in China. There is no exact date that Confucianism started because overtime Confucius developed the philosophy.
Citations: "Confucianism." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO,  2010. Web. 19 Dec. 2010.
Ellis, Elisabeth Gaynor, and Anthony Esler. "Philosophy and Religion  in China." World history connections to today.. Upper Saddle River,  N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2004. 89-90. Print.
Takacs, Sarlota, ed. "Confucianism." The Ancient World, Vol. 5:  Civilizations of Asia and the Pacific. Armonnk: Sharpe, 2007. Print.
historyforkids.org

Question 4
4. As time went on the religion spread into close areas, and soon was being practiced in Europe. It was only after the World War II that the religion spread into America.
Citation: "Judaism." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras.
bbc.co.uk

Question 5 and 6
5. The Jews worship the Torah, which is a holy text. Judaism is a monotheistic religion because the Jews only worship one god.
6. In the typical Judaism society, women were seen as separate but equal to men. This was mainly because they were thought of as prophets. In the Torah, 7 of the 55 prophets were women. Although women have an equivalent status to men, they are encouraged to do their household chores instead of taking on jobs and “primary rolesâ€.
Citation: "Judaism." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras.
sectsandcity.blogspot.com

Question 4
4. Confucianism was practiced mainly throughout the Han Dynasty. Eventually it spread throughout more of China. Soon, many emperors and rulers enforced Confucianism such as Han Wudi.
Citations: "Confucianism." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO,
Ellis, Elisabeth Gaynor, and Anthony Esler. "Philosophy and Religion
in China." World history connections to today.. Upper Saddle River,
N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2004. 89-90. Print.
kungfumagazine.com

Questions 5 and 6
5. “Harmony results when people accept their place in societyâ€ is one of the main things that Confucius taught. He also taught the five relationships which were, father to son, elder brother to younger brother, husband to wife, ruler to subject, and friend to friend. Confucius also taught respect for your elders.
6. Confucius’s main teachings were about everyone’s role and place in society. The jobs and social classes were a huge part of Confucius’s teachings. Some of the jobs that women would have were keeping the home and family stable. Confucius also taught the difference between a good ruler and a bad ruler. A good ruler was someone who looked after his people and see natural disasters before they occurred, whereas a bad ruler made decisions for himself and is very greedy.
Citation: Takacs, Sarlota, ed. "Confucianism." The Ancient World, Vol. 5:
Civilizations of Asia and the Pacific. Armonnk: Sharpe, 2007. Print.
Ellis, Elisabeth Gaynor, and Anthony Esler. "Philosophy and Religion
in China." World history connections to today.. Upper Saddle River,
N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2004. 89-90. Print.
"Confucianism." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO,
garyinchina.com
selfhelpdaily.com

Greek Philosophy Questions 1-3
1. There was not one founder of Greek philosophy, but rather the foundation was made up of many people. Many ideas such as studying the human existence, poetry, mathematical theory, biology, and theology came from a diverse group of people, who put their thoughts together and created this philosophy. The Greek philosophy was made up of 3 major philosophers; Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.
2. These 3 Greek philosophers were very important to the philosophy. Socrates believed that people should find the flaws in themselves, and try to fix them. Many people were not fond of Socrates ideas, and therefore accused him of corrupting the youth. Many poets and storywriters did not like to be proved wrong. When Socrates died, Plato kept his ideas alive when opening a school in Athens. He taught the kids Socrates ideas for as long as he lived. Though when he died, Aristotle opened a school in Macedonia where he carried on the ideas. All three of these philosophers contributed to the foundation of the Greek Philosophy tremendously.
3. The Greek Philosophy started in the city of Lonia. In a city on the coast of Anatolia called Miletus, the first school for philosophy was started.
Citations: "Greek philosophy." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-
"Socrates." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2011.
fan.grungezombie.net

Question 4
The Greek Philosophy was practiced all over Ancient Greece. It was also practiced all around the Agean Sea and parts of the Mediterranean. Since many of the great philosophers were born in Athens, the philosophy was greatly followed there.
Citation:Boeree, George C. "Ancient Greek Philosophy." The Ancient Greeks Part
One the Pre-Socratics. 2000. Web. 21 Dec. 2010. <http://
webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/greeks.html>.
answers.com

Question 5 and 6
5. The Greek philosophy was centered around the ideas of humans and the universe. It did involve any rules. Mythology was a huge part of the Greek Philosophy. Many artistic opinions were expressed, along with pure facts. All of the philosophers looked for answers to life and tried to unsolve all of the mysteries and reasoning’s behind life.
6. In Ancient Greece women had an extremely low status. They were not respected and were only used to make babies, especially boys. They had no rights and were thought more of an object than a person. Boys on the other hand, were taught the importance of life and were well educated. There main focus in education was the teaching to fight.
Citations: Lawson, Russell M. "Aristotle." World History: Ancient and Medieval
Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2010. Web. 21 Dec. 2010.
"Socrates." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2010.
greekodyssey.typepad.com

4. Legalism was mainly practiced throughout West China. It was practiced throughout the times of the warring states. Many of the Legalist leaders were associated with the Qin Dynasty.
Citations: Turner, Karen. “Legalism.â€ Encyclopedia of Religion. Ed. Lindsay  Jones. 2nd ed. Vol. 8. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005.  5394-5396.
Gale World History in Context. Web. 14 Dec. 2010.  Yao, Xinzhong. “Chinese Thought.â€ New Dictionary of the History of  Ideas. Ed. Maryanne Cline Horowitz. Vol. 1. Detroit: Charles  Scribner’s Sons, 2005. 316-322. Gale World History in Context. Web. 14  Dec. 2010.  Blocker, H. Gene. “Chinese Philosophy: Social and Political Thought.â€  Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Ed. Donald M. Borchert. 2nd ed. Vol. 2.  Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2006. 231-239. Gale World History in  Context. Web. 14 Dec. 2010.
pages.uoregon.edu

Questions 5 and 6
5. Legalism was a very harsh and strict religion that had a 0 tolerance level. The ruler set down the laws, which everyone would abide by. War was a necessity and was found so important because it reflected onto the leader. Legalism was all about how powerful and strong the leader could be. The leaders gained control over everyone’s thoughts and ideas. Yao, Xinzhong.
6. Legalism encouraged boys to get a warfare education. Some boys were sent on a train off to war for the expansion of the empire. Although, other boys would go to school and learn politics and get a better understanding of Legalism so that they could help their state. The Qin conquered many states leading to a huge expansion.
Citations: “Chinese Thought.â€ New Dictionary of the History of  Ideas. Ed. Maryanne Cline Horowitz. Vol. 1. Detroit: Charles  Scribner’s Sons, 2005. 316-322. Gale World History in Context. Web. 14  Dec. 2010.
Yao, Xinzhong. “Chinese Thought.â€ New Dictionary of the History of
Ideas. Ed. Maryanne Cline Horowitz. Vol. 1. Detroit: Charles
Scribner’s Sons, 2005. 316-322. Gale World History in Context. Web. 14
Dec. 2010.
history.cultural-china.com

4. Daoism is widely practiced all over the world. There is a Although, Daoism is mainly being practiced in its original foundation, China.
Citation: Hartz, Paula. Daoism . 3rd ed. New York: Chelsea House Publishers,
2009. Print.
his.com

Questions 5 and 6
5. Daoism really focuses on “the flowâ€ or “way of thingsâ€. Everybody was supposed to “go with flowâ€ and not complicate things. The two very important symbols, Yin and Yang, represented both lightness and darkness. The Yin represented cold, feminine, evil, and negativity, while the Yang represented good, masculine, warmth, and positivity. Together, the Yin and Yang represent the good and the bad in everyone and thing. Also, this religion represented many worshipings and ceremonies, which would help to be “one with yourselfâ€.
6. The Daoist communities educated the children by teaching them how to meditate and learn the sacred texts, such as the Tao-te Ching. Daoism had a great affect on creating monasteries in leading communities throughout China. Also, women didn’t play an important role in the Daoist communities. It is clear that they were thought to be more on the unimportant side by looking at the Yin and the Yang.
Citations: Gaer, Joseph. What the great religions believe . New York: Dodd,
Mead, 1963. Print.
Hartz, Paula. Daoism . 3rd ed. New York: Chelsea House Publishers,
2009. Print.
ramos.nl

4. Sikhism was first originated in Pakistan. Because the Sikhs sought out to find work and education, the main area of practice was Punjab. 61% of Punjab's population follows Sikhism and only 2% of India's population follows Sikhism.
Citation: Singh, Nikky-Guninder Kaur. Sikhism. New York: Facts on File, 2004.  Print.
greatsikhism.com

5. One of the most important features in the Sikhism religion are the five symbols. There is the hair, comb, steel bracelet, drawers, and the sword. These features all represent different parts of strength, purity, self defense, individuality, and neatness. Sikhism teaches how not to look down on anyone, but instead help those who are in need. It is much more preferred to help the poor, then to be greedy and keep everything to yourself.
6. Sikhism was a very different religion in the sense that they didn’t judge you based on your occupation. Everyone was to be respectful of one another no matter what gender or social class. Sikhism affected the government because the Hindu’s didn’t like how their ideas were slowly being changed. The thought of having no caste system and having everyone be equal was a huge change.
Citation: Singh, Nikky-Guninder Kaur. Sikhism. New York: Facts on File, 2004.  Print.
realsikhism.com

4. After starting in the Indus Valley region, Hinduism spread into Asia, though it was mainly practiced in India. It is the 3rd largest religion in the world. Over a billion follow Hinduism, and 1 billion of those people live in India.
Citations: "Hinduism." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO,  2010. Web. 15 Dec. 2010.
"Indus River valley." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-  CLIO, 2010. Web. 15 Dec. 2010.  Also, the Persians referred to this area as “Hindâ€ because of the  Hinduism religion being taught there.
wps.prenhall.com

5. Since Hinduism is considered more of a philosophy than a religion, it was made up of many different beliefs. Hinduism has many diverse beliefs. Some people are monotheistic while others are polytheistic. Although, almost all Hindu’s were put into a caste system. Once placed into that caste system, you could never move. Hindu’s also believed that you were reincarnated and born into a new body or form such as an animal. It all depended on whether or not you had good karma and darma.
6. Hindu’s strongly believed in the caste system which consisted of Brahmans, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Sudras. Also, only those who were worthy could receive an education. People called the untouchables, who were at the lowest class possible, could never receive an education.
Citation: "Hinduism." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2010.
kids.baps.org

Buddhism Questions 1-3
1. The founder of Buddhism was Siddhartha Gautama. He was born and raised in a palace with his father and mother. Though, Siddhartha Gautama always wondered what was beyond the outside walls, so he ventured off to see leaving his wife and kid behind. An eye-opening, rude awakening struck him as he saw so much pain and suffering. When seeing an old man, sick man, and dead man on the streets, he decided that he needed to find the cause of suffering. When sitting under a tree for 48 days, he finally found the cause, and when he rose, he was known as the Buddha, or “enlightened oneâ€.
2. The old man, sick man, and dead man were the main reason that Siddhartha Gautama decided to find the cure and answers to suffering. If it weren’t for them he may have never seen life’s true evil.
3. Buddhism was originated in Nepal at the base of the Himalayan Mountains. This was also where Siddhartha Gautama was born. "Buddhism.
Citations:" World Geography: Understanding a Changing World. ABC-CLIO,
"Buddha." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Columbia University Press, 2000. Reproduced in Kids InfoBits. Detroit: Gale, 2010.2
Siddhartha Gautama." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC- CLIO, 2010. Web. 29 Dec. 2010.3.
hotelnepal.com

4. Buddhism spread mainly throughout India. It also spread through Southern Asia, and China’s missionaries.
Citation: "Siddhartha Gautama." World Geography: Understanding a Changing World.
articles.whmsoft.com

Question 5 and 6
5.The Eightfold Path was a huge part of the Buddhism religion. It taught all of the right things to do such as “right action, right effort, right intentions, etc.â€. The Four Noble Truths were also an important aspect of the religion because they told the causes of suffering.
6. Buddhism taught a specific rule: treat everyone equally. It didn’t matter what social class, gender, or role you had in society, but rather that you should always be treated with respect and fairness. An interesting fact is that women were not allowed to become Buddhists, but rather they were encouraged to give birth to children that could later become Buddhists.
Citations: "Buddhism." The Blackbirch Kid's Almanac of Geography. Blackbirch
Press, 2000. Reproduced in Kids InfoBits. Detroit: Gale, 2010.
Calkowski, Marcia. "Buddhism: Tibetan Buddhism." Worldmark
Encyclopedia of Religious Practices. Ed. Thomas Riggs. Vol. 1:
Religions and Denominations. Detroit: Gale, 2006. 93-99. Gale Virtual
Reference Library. Web. 29 Dec. 2010.
buddhanet.net

Zoroastrianism Questions 1-3
1. The founder of Zoroastrianism was Zoroaster of Zarathustra. Although it is not for sure, it was believed that he was born from 588 BC to 511 BC. Zoroaster was born into a family of knights. He preached polytheism in his 40’s until he began Zoroastrianism.
2. Another important figure in this religion was Ahura Mazda. He  was known to be the creator of heaven and earth, light and dark, lawgiver, center  of nature, moral order, and the judge of the world. He was greatly worshiped in the religion of Zoroastrianism.
3. Zoroastrianism was founded in Iran. In about 547-511 BC, Zoroastrian missionaries divided across the world spreading their religion. Places like Iran, Turkistan, Afghanistan and northeast India were adapting the religion.
Citations: “History and society: Zoroaster.â€ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online.   Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2010 Web. 30 November 2010.
Zoroaster." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2010.  Web. 2 Dec. 2010.
“History and society: Zoroaster.â€ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2010 Web. 30 November 2010.
en.citizendium.org

4. Zoroastrianism is practiced mainly throughout Iran. It is also practiced in Turkistan, Afghanistan, and northeast India.
Citation: “History and society: Zoroaster.â€ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2010 Web. 30 November 2010.
persianvoyages.com

5. and 6. Ahura Mazda taught that everyone had their own job that they must work at in life. This was all leading up to the wonderful afterlife that was expected. Also, women mainly got married and then had children. It was so important to have children because people believed that they were going to be the one’s who carried on the religion. Schools taught children how to be a good Zoroastrian. It was taught that Ahura Mazda was the giver of life. From there it was up to you to carry on a good life or a bad one. Ahriman was the key to having a bad life. If you followed him you were considered to be evil. Your whole life lead up to moving on to a noble and truthful kingdom with Ahura Mazda in your afterlife.
Citations: “History and society: Zoroaster.â€ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2010 Web. 30 November 2010.
Hartz, Paula. Zoroastrianism. New York: Facts On File, 2004. Print.
historyforkids.org

Rectangle

Polygon

Confucianism

Legalism

Daosim

Hinduism

Buddhism

Sikhism

Zoroastrianism

Judaism

Greek Philosophy

Circle

Druids

Druids Questions 1-3
1. There is not one known founder of religion, but rather we believe that the religion was made up of many people’s ideas and beliefs. These ideas came from a group called the “intellectual casteâ€ or a class of priests.
2. Since it is not determined whose beliefs the druids was made from, there aren’t many people to give credit to for being part of the foundation. Although, one person that we do know helped with the making of this religion was Julius Caesar. Even though Caesar wasn’t a druid himself, he is known to have written down much about this religion. We know more about this religion because of the passages that Caesar wrote about it.
3. This religion was being practiced in many different areas at the time, which is why it is hard to determine exactly where it started. It is believed to have been centralized in Europe, though over time it spread out into the Asia Minor. Some places where it where it was predicted to have started was Gaul, France, Belgium, Germany, Scotland, Wales, Britain and Ireland. Since the Druids was practiced in all of these areas, it is hard to pinpoint where it began exactly.
Citations: "Celts." Ancient Greece and Rome: An Encyclopedia for Students. Ed.
Carroll Moulton. Vol. 1. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1998.
118-119. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 2 Jan. 2011.
"Druidism." Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology. Ed. J.
Gordon Melton. 5th ed. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale Group, 2001.
456-457. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 2 Jan. 2011.
"druids." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2011.
fullissue.com

4. Even though no one exactly knows where the religion began, it is fair to say that it was mainly practiced throughout western and central Europe. The Romans were known to have encountered the druids in Gaul and Britain. This was when Caesar recorded much about the religion, thus giving us a reasonable area of practice for this religion.
Citation: "druids." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2011.
vlib.iue.it

5. The word druid means “knowledge of the oakâ€, therefore telling us that the druids practiced profound knowledge. Just like many of the other religions, the Druids had a social class or caste system. It was split up from hierarchy to the poorest. Also, the druids were very privileged in terms of not having to pay taxes and not required to be in the military. Although, the druids has strict rules and when someone disobeyed them they would be killed. The dead would be used as sacrifices to the divination. The druids were also very successful with their sciences. They were very skilled in practices of nature and medicine.
6. The druids were very lucky because they didn’t have to pay taxes and they weren’t required to be in the military. Their social structure was well organized and was split up into three classes. The druid women were treated almost as equally as men. They had many more rights than the stereotypical ancient woman and they had exceptional power in society. Some women may have even been rulers of the druids. Many druid families would live together in clans. One of the clans that is known in called the Celts. This leads me to believe that the druids had large families that all lived together.
Citations: Maier, Bernhard. "Druids." Encyclopedia of Religion. Ed. Lindsay
Jones. 2nd ed. Vol. 4. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005.
2491-2493. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 2 Jan. 2011.
Piggott, Stuart. The Druids. New York, N.Y: Praeger, 1975. Print
elfwood.com